A software-defined radio (SDR) uses a general-purpose computer processor to perform aspects of digital signal processing in place of analog circuit hardware. This allows for greater flexibility in ...

1. aimed high- and low-frequency laser beams at a semiconductor 2. electrons were caused to be ripped from their cores, accelerated, and then smashed back into the cores they left behind. 3. This ...

Why electrical circuits operating at optical frequencies is an attractive opportunity. How a new plasmonic arrangement is used to mix electrical signals at optical frequencies. The advantages and ...

Note: This is primarily a video lesson and you'll get a lot more information from watching the video above. That said, the instructions below will suffice and you should hang on to them for reference.

The need to translate frequencies up or down is a basic signal-chain need. The key component used to do this is the mixer, which essentially multiplies two signals together. In the frequency domain, ...

Lock-in amplifiers were invented in the 1930s [1, 2, 3] and commercialized [4] in the mid 20 th century as electrical instruments that are capable of extracting signal amplitudes and phases in ...