These indirect measures allow for inference that learning has taken place, but it does not provide the same level of tangible, visible, and measurable evidence as a direct assessment of student ...

The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments Wednesday for a case involving a woman who claims she was unfairly discriminated against on the job because she is straight.

Researchers, therefore, can only deduce their existence by analyzing indirect evidence such as tools and the processing of potential boat-building materials. As such, “in this paper we explore ...

This paper attempts to establish stylized facts on direct and indirect trade and its impact on firm performance using firm transaction data of Japanese firms, with the special goal of shedding light ...

Organizations are increasingly subject to rating and ranking by third-party evaluators. Research in this area tends to emphasize the direct effects of ratings systems that occur when ratings give key ...