The importance of bonding and grounding in commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings cannot be overstated. The grounded circuits of machines need to have an effective return path from the ...

All Code references are based on the 2005 National Electrical Code. The grounding and bonding requirements in this column apply to solidly grounded systems that operate at not more than 600V, such as ...

It’s a helpful rule of thumb: Main group elements prefer forming bonds that give them eight valence electrons; transition metals go for 18 electrons. Now scientists have shown that main group elements ...