The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of electromagnetic waves — a kind of “structured light” — is associated with a helical or twisted wavefront. The helical modes are characterized by a topological ...

Hybrid continuous-variable (CV) and discrete-variable (DV) entanglement is an essential quantum resource of hybrid quantum information processing, which enables one to overcome the intrinsic ...

This course introduces the quantum mechanical concept of angular momentum operator and its relationship with rotation operator. It then presents the angular momentum operators, their eigenvalues and ...