Population ecology is the study of how populations — of plants, animals, and other organisms — change over time and space and interact with their environment. Populations are groups of organisms of ...

How do habitat loss and fragmentation affect species and ecosystems? Spatial ecology investigates the immense variety of spatial patterns in nature and their ecological consequences. If you take a ...

Almost all animals eat living things, so in a sense most are predators. We normally restrict the term, though, to cases in which the animal chases and kills its prey. Nevertheless, the models we will ...

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