The ecological fallacy can be difficult to expose, especially when aggregate results align with expectations (confirmation bias).

In social and environmental sciences, ecological fallacy is an incorrect assumption about an individual based on aggregate data for a group. In the present study, the validity of this assumption ...

I am, however, a social scientist, and this "disparate impact" demonstrates what we call the "ecological fallacy." This well-known fallacy is committed when data at the group level is used to draw ...